Tetherball & Sleeping in a Flower Box: Thoughts about Some Human/Coyote Interactions

Fun with her found tetherball

Three postings back, on the third of this month, I wrote a post about the unusual frenzied behavior of a young loner male and his brief “tangential breaching”, if that’s the right wording, of the species-divide which is a cornerstone for coexistence between humans and coyotes in urban areas. I described him as *full of beans* more than anything else. The behavior appears to be related to what I’m describing in this posting.

This current posting — based on what I observed several years ago — is also about the overly exuberant, energetic behavior of a young loner, in this instance a female, who for a while also purposefully flirted with the accepted species-divide between wild coyotes and humans. With this young female, the behavior occurred time and again over a three year span. With few exceptions, this female did stay away from humans in terms of distance and not physically engaging — but at times it was as though she were “flaunting” it on some level. Easy coexistence is of course based on firmly maintaining a wall of separation. Note that “dogs and coyotes”, as opposed to “humans and coyotes”, breach the divide all the time: they constantly communicate visually and interact with threats and defenses — lunging, barking, chases and even nipping. This posting is about humans and coyotes, not dogs and coyotes.

Coyotes by nature are secretive in their behaviors and wary enough of us humans to avoid us almost always. However, over time in an urban environment, with constant human presence, they often begin to ignore us as benign beings rather than as “risks to be avoided”. And we humans normally think of their proximity to us as a “risk” to ourselves, so we label it as “brazen” or “bold”. Some people consider simply seeing coyotes in an urban setting as unacceptable and risky. In ranching communities, seeing coyotes on ranching properties is cause for killing them. So there’s avoidance on both sides which is very mutual. But over time, we, too, learn that they are pretty benign and we begin to accept them at closer range than we used to, especially if we don’t have a dog with us.

The young female’s behavior consisted of regularly sitting on a high knoll in plain view during daylight hours at the height of dog/human activity which she was there to watch, and of course, she in turn was watched back: there appeared to be mutual fascination between her and the human world. She seemed to know that she was being admired — coyotes, like the rest of us, can sense this sort of thing. She would then suddenly get excited and “perform” as in the video. She could easily have remained quietly observing or retreated to the bushes where she would not have been visible by anyone, but she chose not to do so. She chose to draw attention to herself, creating a visual interaction of sorts.

Coyotes feel they must respond to dogs chasing them or even passing through their territories. Hunting is another must which often takes place in the visual presence of humans, though normally at some distance from us and predominantly during the darker hours. On the other hand, in the two instances I’ve described in this and the previous posting, the flirtingly marginal interactions or visual engagements of coyotes with humans were purely a matter of choice on their part — no need was involved.

On the other side of the spectrum of this hyperactive attempt at interaction and attention-seeking are the coyotes who remain relaxed within close proximity of calm human presence, unobtrusively, out-of-the-way, quietly and without any fanfare: I’ve seen this in areas where no dogs are around. They actually aren’t interacting with humans, rather, they are simply there, mostly ignoring people only 20 feet away — a nod of acceptance might be exchanged, but that’s it — they aren’t seeking attention or performing. This happens in some community gardens where coyotes have been seen napping regularly in some of the planter boxes, in spite of there being plenty of gardeners close by working their plots. The gardeners respect them and leave them alone. Again, the one issue has been when dogs — who are not allowed in the gardens but enter anyway — come through and go after them. So here, coexistence in a very small space is not at all a problem for anyone, coyote or human, unless dogs appear.

With an ever-present and large urban human community, it seems logical that intelligent and curious coyotes might explore options beyond strict avoidance of humans. Maybe the examples I have given are simply manifestations of this.

Napping in a planter box with a beehive of gardeners quietly at work close by


© All information, maps, and photos in my postings come from my own original and first-hand documentation work [except where indicated] which I am happy to share, with permission and with properly displayed credit: ©janetkessler/coyoteyipps.com. [67/9118]

Wolf Dilemma: When the issue is seen as “Live OR Let Live” vs “Live AND Let Live”

The argument has changed from “live and let live” to “live or let live” for some ranchers.

To read more: https://www.aol.com/news/wolves-returned-california-nearly-150-110026187.html

Interloper

Aging. From what I’ve seen in the urban environment of San Francisco, coyotes who reach 11 and 12 years of age are at the upper limit of their lifespans. Compare this to their lifespan in captivity which is about 14 to 16 years, or to their lifespan in the wild-wild, which I’m told is only 3 to 5 years. By the time they are old they may be on a second mate who would be younger than they are. They will have gained greying brows and a more worn look to their faces. Bones and muscles become worn out, so it takes them longer to get up, and as they get up you can see the stiffness and some unsteadiness that wasn’t there before, until they start moving: it’s harder for me to detect an aging coyote when they are moving. Fur, of course, hides a lot of the wear and tear they have accumulated, the same way that clothing hides it in humans.

Claimed territories. Some of these oldsters remain on their claimed territories right until the very end of their lives and then the territory is acquired by default by their offspring and/or mates: these territories can be owned by the same genetic families over many generations. On the other hand, in other territorial situations, the death of a mate might contribute to an inability for the surviving mate to hold on to a territory. Aging in itself is a weakening factor, leading an oldster to abandon his/her territory voluntarily. I’ve wondered if abandoning a territory might also be related to the end of a coyote’s ability to reproduce: this is pure conjecture on my part — I have no proof of this, it just crossed my mind. Territorial intruders who appear off and on in all territories are normally fended off fairly easily by a mated pair. However, without a mate and with growing weakness due to age or possibly illness, a territorial confrontation, or even a battle could ensue and the weaker claimants would be forced to leave. This happened at the Presidio in 2019.

What happens to the coyotes who leave or have been driven out from their territories? I seldom see them again, or if I do, it’s only briefly before they are gone forever. Because I never see them again, I am unaware of how their lives continue, if indeed they do continue. Their old territories become occupied by the newcomers and life goes on.

Interlopers. But sometimes, the displaced coyote who once owned a territory becomes an interloper who I’ve been able to follow, even if only sporadically. An interloper is a coyote who has no territory to call his own anymore, but who lives in the interstices between other claimed territories. Unless you know the individual coyote, you wouldn’t know his situation. The older or more injury-compromised these coyotes are, the less likely that they can take and hold onto a new territory. Such a coyote is Ash.

Before I go on with Ash, I want to mention that at the other end of the life cycle, dispersing yearlings all become interlopers until they find their own territories. Both yearling loners and yearlings who have found mates along the way and are still looking for territories are in this situation. They live and roam quietly on the fringes and interstices between territories and pass through claimed territories as quickly and unobtrusively as possible, assessing mostly through smells what the situation is in these territories: through smell, they can tell what coyotes have been around and how regularly they’ve been around and probably their reproductive condition and much more: they would be able to tell right off if one of the alphas is no longer around. If they find a vacant niche, moving in can be easy, but if all territories are taken, if conditions are right, they might actually fight for the territory. Those that don’t find territories after dispersing here in San Francisco appear to move south and out of the city in their continued search for a home, and along the way many are killed by cars [per a three-year, radio-collar study by the Presidio from 2015].

You’ll recall my posting about Ash: https://coyoteyipps.com/2023/08/23/ash-aging-injury-decline/. He left his territory because of an injury. I don’t know how he got the injury, and I don’t know what happened to his mate, but another coyote pair are now the alphas in the territory he left behind — and it appears to be a son of his but I’m not absolutely sure about this. As I wrote in that previous posting about Ash, I didn’t think Ash was going to last very long without his territory because he was getting along in years and had an extremely compromising injury which turned him into a *tripod* coyote, but he has proven me wrong. Since I wrote that post, he has appeared in various spots around the south and center part of the city, and I actually saw him in my own neighborhood at 5:30 a couple of mornings ago. He has been without a territory for well over a year now.

Ash on October 29th

In fact, I’m wondering if the city’s interloper population might be growing — if there are more like him.

A couple of weeks ago I wrote about another interloper, a strapping young fellow, who intruded into a claimed territory: https://coyoteyipps.com/2023/10/22/intruder-dynamics-at-work/. This is a coyote I didn’t recognize, but his youth made me think that he was dispersing and looking for both a territory and a mate. I watched the fellow as he sat very still and listened to the howling chorus of the resident family. That must have summed up the situation for him because he left and never came back.

Two years ago I watched an interloper move into a territory where the alpha male had died of old age. He sired a litter, but apparently there were compatibility issues with the remaining alpha female there — it was very obvious she didn’t like him. When the pups were just four months old, that fellow left. The next year, he was the alpha in another territory, this time remaining for a full year. But after a year, he is now gone and I’ve not seen him since then. I can only reflect on the huge difference between this fellow and the family who has been tied to their territory for multiple generations.

And I’ve written about what I called a *Gypsy* coyote pair that actually picked up and moved across the city a couple of times, each time claiming and becoming the owners of the new territory they had moved to for several years where they raised their pups. Eventually this coyote pair ended up divorcing: yes, that also happens.

Who, in the way of coyotes, gets a territory, and who is excluded? Within urban areas, as I suppose within any area, coyotes gain advantages over conspecifics based on luck, being in the right place at the right time, physical size or strength, force of personality, ties to the family territory they were born into (generational territories), intelligence and a savvy nature when it comes to dealing with other coyotes — the same kind of the advantages humans have in moving forward with their lives and gaining choice territories. Less advantaged conspecifics are left with less advantageous territories or no territories. And competitors such as foxes have been pushed to the periphery of the city. Nature is not fair. 

Meanwhile, back at Ash’s old homestead — a territory where he had been the alpha for years, where he had been through a couple of mates and raised many litters — the territory is now owned by another alpha pair who had a litter this year — the alpha male appears to be Ash’s son, though I need to confirm this. Of interest — and I bring this up because of the very different situations each coyote finds him/herself in — I notice that there’s a third coyote, a yearling, who appears to have been adopted into the family. Yes, adoptions take place, especially of injured or weak youngsters: I usually see it for under a month when a youngster is dispersing, but could it last longer? This yearling has been allowed into the territory, but does not hang around the territorial claimants as far as I have seen: my prediction is that he will soon move on: he’ll become an interloper himself. https://www.instagram.com/p/Cn-havfPAwG/. From what I’ve seen, owning a territory confers much more survivability on coyotes.

So, every coyote and coyote family situation I’ve observed is different — no different from the way it is in humans. I’m told this individuality is due to our being generalists and therefore having amazing adaptability: we and they are not meant to survive in just one type of environmental niche or situation, as opposed to animal specialists who require unique situations and habitats for survival. This adaptability allows different potential traits to be developed in each of us as needed or sometimes as desired. So all generalizations regarding coyotes need to be qualified with many exceptions. The situations I describe here are ones I have seen; I’m sure there are many more variations. For more, you can type into the blog search box: territories, intruders, interlopers, dispersals.


© All information, maps, and photos in my postings come from my own original and first-hand documentation work (except where indicated) which I am happy to share, with permission and with properly displayed credit: ©janetkessler/coyoteyipps.com.

Testing, Feints, and Zoomies

Full of beans?

I’ve now observed and experienced this kind of frenzied behavior twice by two different coyotes, two instances of it during my 16+ years of observations.

The behavior involved a young, loner coyote with what looked like an intense case of the zoomies. It’s not something that we normally associate with a wild animal. But it indeed happened. The young coyote acted high-spirited, feisty, and cocky-sure of himself. That people were around and observing seems to have been a contributing factor: the coyote appeared to be *performing* for us.

So today, shortly after dawn, this young male coyote appeared on a large expanse of empty lawn which runs along a sidewalk. He had been sighted on the lawn every morning for about a week at about the same time. When I first set eyes on him, he was engaged in galloping spurts of back and forth zoomies while bobbing his head up, down and sideways like a pony, with sudden direction changes and sometimes chasing his tail. The brief spurts ended as quickly as they began with a few minutes of rest: lying down and looking around to see who was watching him. I was not positioned for taking photos until after the burst of zoomies.

Zoomies, feints: testing? (10/11)

I situated myself close to a tree and stood still about 100 feet away with my camera focused on him. The couple of other people who had been watching him walked on. He was aware of me and that I was watching him — coyotes are well aware of all of their surroundings. Then he suddenly leaped up and darted in my direction, seemingly playfully, with eyes fixed on me. This is when I changed the camera to video mode. I didn’t move as he performed a number of short charges/feints towards me, tauntingly ? testing ?, but then darted away. It was almost a semi-grazing movement towards and then away from me, but he never came into contact with me as he repelled off to the side, and not as close as it appears in the video — mine is a 150-650mm lens which can’t take anything close. My iPhone would have worked better, but that was in my pocket. I’ve seen this coyote behavior towards dogs, where play bows are incorporated into the behavior. The incident of over a year ago included these play bows, but not this time. I stood still and didn’t move or react as I held my camera focused on him, and then I slowly backed away, one step at a time as I kept filming him.

Was this play? Or maybe he was hoping I would run away, like I was told the last person did. Was he testing his own power of bluff against our human species’? He may have wondered why I was watching him and may have decided to figure out my intentions by testing if I would react or respond to his approaching me.

After I backed up about 20 feet, he stopped his dashings-in and sideways, and approached and sniffed the spot where I had been standing. After absorbing as much information as he could about me he ran off doing tail chases and tumbling on the lawn, no different from what our domestic dogs do during play. After a few of these he came back and looked at me out of the corner of his eye, again bobbing his head a little, like a young pony defying its owner. I could tell he was deciding whether to come towards me again. But I stood perfectly still, without reacting, holding my camera in front of my face, and that’s when he turned around and then flitted off — he had been unable to get a reaction out of me.

While I continued to watch, the coyote approached another person from behind, but that person wasn’t even aware of it and walked on. The coyote then sat down and waited, but no one else came by, so he then jumped up and darted off and out of view for good.

This was not an *attack* by any means. This animal did not come towards me to assault me, bite me, or injure me, even though the combination of cockiness, energy, and testing, could be used to label him as *bold* in a world where we expect him to shy away from us. It was a uniquely interesting interaction.

What should anyone do if they encounter this type of behavior? I myself was documenting him, so I remained totally neutral and didn’t react at all. I could have, and would suggest that others, treat him as though you had a dog with you: simply walk away calmly. However, if he advances critically close, close enough to potentially touch you, get super angry and toss some 1″ stones towards (not at) his legs to show him that his behavior is not appreciated or acceptable. I want to reiterate that this is RARE behavior. But if it happened to me, it could happen to you, and you should know about it.

Appropriate terms I’ve used for this situation:

  • zoomies: a sudden burst of frenetic energy in which an animal (typically a dog or cat) runs to and fro. “Many dogs get the zoomies after a bath”
  • frenzied: wildly excited and uncontrolled
  • frenetic: fast and energetic in a rather wild and uncontrolled way
  • feint: to give a false appearance or to fake something
  • testing: revealing a person’s capabilities by putting them under strain; challenging.
  • full of beans: very lively and have a lot of energy and enthusiasm.
  • grazingly: to brush closely against ( he came close, but there was no contact)
  • cocky sure: marked by overconfidence or presumptuousness
  • bold: not hesitating or fearful in the face of actual or possible danger or rebuff

© All information, maps, and photos in my postings come from my own original and first-hand documentation work [except where indicated] which I am happy to share, with permission and with properly displayed credit: ©janetkessler/coyoteyipps.com.