Self-Medication? Scat Left On A Path: A Message?

I watched this coyote poop only a few paces before it stopped to sniff. It sniffed at the base of a tree and then at a spot on the ground close to the tree. The spot close to the tree was the greater attraction. The coyote remained sniffing here and then began to lower itself onto the spot to “roll” or “wallow” on it. The coyote only went so far as to lower its head sideways onto the spot when it changed its mind. Instead, it walked a few paces forwards and pooped, again, within a few inches of the spot it had been smelling — close enough to be called “on” it. Then it walked on. I was able to see that the coyote had sniffed a three-inch piece of cooked fish with the bone intact. How this got to the path I don’t know: we have both raccoons and coyotes who could have removed it from a patio meal plate left out, or from a garbage can.

So, after having been attracted to the fish’s strong scent, the coyote began to roll on it, but then decided to poop on it instead. Hmmm — two things, probably separate things, were going on here: rolling on something had its own purpose; and pooping right here had another — maybe?

1) Was the pooping a form of marking, of leaving a message? The coyote had just pooped a few paces earlier, with me behind on the coyote’s path. I’ve observed this same situation a couple of times before. It pooped only a few paces after the first pile: was the poop saved purposefully, like skunk scent, to be used when needed?  Was this at all related to the “rolling on the fish”?

2) Could rolling on something, such as the fish, constitute “marking IT” — the coyote leaving its own scent there, a sort of “trumping” what was already there, the same as when a coyote marks over dog poop or urine it has found? Or, as I have written before, was the coyote trying to “perfume” itself, either for the fun of it or as some kind of “disguise”? OR, and this is my new idea, is there some kind of self-medication involved in rolling on specific items — the same way we humans use ointments? Might rolling in dead smelly stuff ward off skin mites? This coyote does have patches of fur loss. Mange is a common ailment of coyotes, and can actually kill them, though I don’t know if this particular coyote is afflicted specifically with mange.

A hypothesis: I’ve gone to the Internet to find that some of the skin “treatments” for mange include apple cider vinegar or borax or a borax/hydrogen peroxide combination or even neem oil with its sulfur smelling properties. I tried to figure out what these might have in common with the smelly things I have seen a coyote rub itself on: dead lizard, dead snake, dead mole, rancid fish, and with horse manure and fish-emulsion used as fertilizer which I’ve seen dogs rub themselves in. It appears that the dead animals were left in their locations specifically to be wallowed on over and over again. Decomposition produces gases and acids. Might the mites responsible for mange be warded off by the byproducts of decomposing tissue? Or might the Ph level of these byproducts be soothing to mite-infested skin? I’m wondering if these byproducts of decomposition have some of the same properties as apple cider vinegar or borax or neem oil? I’m not a chemist or biochemist. This is just a thought I had. Feedback is welcome!

Rearing Up: A Belated Greeting?

I was following behind a young coyote on a path when its sibling appeared in front of it. The coyote stopped and began foraging. There really was not any “greeting” that I could see. Each coyote foraged on the opposite side of the path, so they were not interfering with each other. Then, the one I had been following reared up — the other watched its face intently. Facial expressions communicate everything, but I could not see the face of the one rearing up. I think it involved a belated greeting, even though it occurred a full minute and a half after they had seen each other. Most greetings I have seen occur immediately. Then again, I’ve seen this same type of “twisting while rearing or jumping up” during coyote play — it could have been an invitation to play. But, yet again, maybe the coyote just wanted to get by?

The Observed Coyote Becomes A Co-Observer!

Not only do I observe coyotes, but I also observe what interests coyotes. Of prime interest to them is the dogs in the parks. I watch for which dogs attract a coyote’s attention the most, and try to figure out why. There appears to be a vast difference between the way a mother/dominant coyote sees certain dogs as opposed to the way all the other coyotes see them.

So, a few days ago I watched a coyote youth stop to watch dogs between hunting bouts — it was very casual observation from off the trail — the dogs were on a path very far away and I could tell that none was aware of the coyote. Then, one dog I had not seen before caught my attention, so I went right up to the ledge and squatted down to observe, making myself very unobtrusive behind some plants.  The dog was about 400 feet away, so I pointed my camera, which serves as binoculars when I need it to, and observed this new dog and walker for a few moments. As I turned my head a little, I saw that the coyote had approached and was imitating me! It had come right to the ledge also, right behind some growth to watch what I was watching. We were both looking together!! He was curious. My own behavior was something it must have wanted to account for. The coyote wanted to know what I was doing, what had my attention. It had used my behavior as a cue as to where its own attention maybe should be focused. So we became co-observers for a few moments. When I stood up and faced the coyote, it bounded off again into the distance.

This same coyote has used the behavior of dogs and, now it seems, humans to gather information for itself. I saw this same coyote observe a dog as it dug furiously, at a gopher hole. When the dog departed, this coyote went up to the same spot to dig, taking the dog’s cue that something was there. It also has “looked up to” its mother and sibling for cues/clues about the danger of a situation. This coyote is a year-old juvenile, which may help explain its behavior a little bit: using indirect evidence for information.

I’m wondering if an aspect of a coyote’s “following” a dog and walker might include gathering information for the coyote’s use, such as “can you lead me to a food source?”

Coyote Ramblings: Hunting for Food and Watching

Here is a coyote rambling the morning away. The coyote was actually hunting: while I watched it, it caught two voles and made several unsuccessful attempts at catching others. This coyote kept fairly hidden as it hunted. Few people actually notice the coyotes in a park, and this seems to be how the coyotes want it. It wandered on a path, but mostly off of paths.  And it kept track of dogs being walked — it kept away from them all, just looking at them now and then from the distance.

THEN, the coyote saw a large dog begin digging intently. THIS was interesting to the coyote. The coyote actually approached a little as the dog was digging, but stayed far enough back so as not to be noticed. When the dog and owner moved off, the coyote looked around and then quickly went over to the digging spot. Here it sniffed intently and then began its own digging! I’m sure the coyote’s keen eyesight had picked up that the dog had left empty-handed. I found it fascinating that the coyote had used the dog’s digging as a clue for finding something! I watched the coyote dig here for seven minutes! In the end, there was no prize for the coyote, but for me, this was prize observation time!

Fog Moisture Condenses in Trees to Form Puddles!

It was foggy and windy when I headed off to a park. When I got to the park there were puddles and it was wet, wet, wet — just under the the trees. I especially noticed puddles under the Eucalyptus trees. The rest of the trails, were dry.

The San Francisco Bay Area actually has a desert climate. We do have seasonal rain most years. The rainy season is over, thought there have been years when we continue to get sporadic rain. The above photos were taken on a foggy day — there had been no rain. Yet, things were wet and there were large puddles. What happens in this area is the droplets from the fog become condensed by the Eucalyptus and other tree leaves, which then drop the water onto the ground. These puddles were from one night of fog.

Poisons Used by San Francisco’s “Natural Areas Program”

Poisons are being used in San Francisco public parks to get rid of plants. And plants are being yanked up along paths leaving large areas of bare ground which then becomes prone to erosion. The photos above make sections look like a war zone. Whatever happened to sustainability and being environmentally friendly? What about including those of us who use the parks in their planning?

The Natural Areas Program is a “politically correct” program run by small organized groups. It is a misnomer: there is nothing “natural” about the program. They use whatever methods they want to reach their ends. They are actually decreasing biodiversity and polluting the ground in the name of a program that few people really want. We all wanted native plants, but never did anyone agree to ripping everything else out, and never did we agree for poisons to be used. The poisons are being washed into the water systems of the parks. The poisons are affecting the food chain from the bottom up. They are toxic — all poisons are.

Who uses these methods? Our Parks and Recreation Department has ceded authority to volunteers, who, at their own discretion, are creating parks in the image they want without including those of us who actually use the parks.

The wild character of several of our parks is what makes them so special. The underbrush and overgrowth which has been removed served as protection and as habitat for all sorts of animals. Huge areas which were protected from humans and dogs because of their growth can now be walked through easily. This means animals homes were destroyed. Why?

More Play: Wallowing On A Dead Mole

This coyote stopped at a brown spot in a grassy area and rolled on it: twisting and turning, lowering the shoulders first and sliding down the small incline. The activity was repeated over and over many times. Then the coyote walked about 8 feet and did the same thing, over and over, occasionally checking to see that I was watching. THIS TIME, however, there was a dead mole involved. The coyote picked it up, moved it over then rolled on it. The coyote’s enthusiasm and joy in this activity increased as the moments went by: the mole was tossed up in the air then swung over to the side and picked up again. So, besides rubbing itself in a smelly dead mole, the activity seemed to constitute play — joyful play!! I’ve seen this wallowing on a dead animal before: on a dead snake and a dead lizard. This time it was a furry mole. I have found a number of dead moles — obviously they had not been eaten. I wonder if moles, lizards and snakes are distasteful to coyotes? I’ve seen domestic dogs wallow in distasteful stuff.  What they roll on is always very smelly, so the assumption is that they are “perfuming” themselves. For what purpose, I don’t think anyone knows for sure. We do know that the dog or coyote is thoroughly enjoying himself as he wallows!

On a few occasions I have distinctly felt that when I observed “playing” or “toying with prey” that there was an aspect of “performance” involved for me as an observer. The coyote definitely saw me and looked over to make sure I was watching. The wallowing on the mole carcass lasted a full eight minutes: it was a feature length performance!!

See more wallowing postings: on a lizard: A “Perfume Bath”: coyote behavior of October 29, 2009; on a snake: A Snake Is Found: Coyote behavior of March 6, 2010; and on other waste: Another Smelly Rub-down: Coyote behavior of January 3, 2010.

Who Has The Right-Of-Way?

Shortly after beginning our walk, we found  a coyote right in our path ahead moving towards us. We didn’t want to approach the coyote, so we stepped off to the side of the path maybe 30 feet to allow the coyote to go by: we gave the coyote the right of way.  Apparently we had not stepped off the path far enough because the coyote did not continue on the path. Instead, it stood and looked at us, and then retraced its steps — in the direction we were headed. We were back where we had started. We wanted to continue our walk so we got back on the path again and began walking towards the coyote. This time the coyote stepped off the path — maybe some 40 feet — and let us by. When we looked back, the coyote was back on the path continuing its journey away from us. We humans, apparently, had the right of way.

Please see: Coyote Blocking A Path; or Feeling Threatened by a Human Who Is Trying To Retrieve Their Dog Published May 29, 2010

Lots of Wildlife Activity in an Urban Area

During the past few days I was up earlier than normal and so I experienced more wildlife than usual. It was impossible for me to take pictures of everything:  because of the weak early morning light, the images of moving animals were just big blurs. However, there was A LOT of activity going on. I kept aware with eyes, ears and even smell — yes, a skunk smell tells you there has been animal activity — that a skunk has had to defend itself from some predator.  I thought I would write down what I detected within the last few days.

Just after leaving my parking space in front of my home, a raccoon crossed the street right in front of me. I stopped the car, but the raccoon, confused by the headlights, couldn’t make up its mind which way to go: it actually wavered back and forth for an incredible time right there in the middle of the street. It was easy for me to see how so many of our small animals become roadkill during the nighttime hours because of their reaction to headlights. This one finally moved off the road, and I drove on.

As I then walked from my car to the entrance of the park, I was able to see the silhouette of  a skunk as it, too, crossed a street. I was walking by now and so I was not causing confusion with any headlights. The skunk was pretty quick — if you can call waddling quick — and once it reached the edge of a house with lots of shrubbery I was no longer able to see it or follow it.

In the park I sat down for a few moments. Everything was quiet except the birds. Soon, though, I heard a “scratch-scratch-scratch” sound. I had heard this same sound once before. That time I went searching all over the place, around and around a scrub bush area, to figure out what the noise was and where it was coming from. Finally I was able to discern that it was a gopher, digging under the ground! So this time, I didn’t even have to get up. I looked over to the several gopher holes and knew immediately what that sound was about. I never did see the gopher in this instance.

While still sitting at this same spot, I saw a domestic cat trot towards one of the houses. It obviously had had a successful prowl because it carried a mouse in its jaws! Catching a mouse is part of a cat’s wildness.

As I began walking, I kept seeing little dark objects dart across the path in front of me. These were voles, going about the business of their own lives. I never actually “saw” one — they were too fast for me to focus on — all I saw was the dark blobs darting across the path. Young children are particularly good at spotting these, but adults who are absorbed in conversation or other things are seldom aware of them. I have also seen voles pop up out of their burrows: if I am very still I can get a photo of one now and then. Two brown squirrels — distinct from the gray variety that most of us are used to in our parks — were cavorting at the base of a tree. When they saw me coming they climbed up high — but one kept its eye on me!

Of course the birds were twittering at their loudest before daybreak. Two tiny little dark-eyed juncos dropped down from a tree only three feet from me: one stood very still for the longest time while the other pecked at the ground — occasionally they emitted a very faint whistle-type of sound, but most of the time they were quiet. Once in a while I heard a red-tail hawk give off its high-pitched call. In the past I have seen an owl fly off at this early time, but not in the last few days. The crows congregated in a tree and cawed loudly  for half an hour without stopping. Later on I saw two crows attack a red-tail hawk flying overhead. And even later, when I stopped and squatted down beside the path just to listen, a hummingbird came to within three feet of my face to examine me! It looked at me right in the face to try to figure out what I was doing. I tried focusing the camera but the hummingbird was much too close! A week ago I saw a mallard duck pair flying in circles about as large as the circumference of a football field. They flew three times around before heading off. There were white crowned sparrows belting out their distinctive calls, and another hummingbird sitting in the tree where I have always seen it! Then an unusual bird impressed me as it flew by in the near distance: a black and bright orange songbird! So far I have not been able to identify this last bird.

There were lots of bugs: the mosquitos were chewing on me, there are slugs and snails and newts. Later on I saw dragon flies of three types: red, blue and gray! I did not see a garden snake, but I know they are around because I saw one last month. About the mosquitos: every few days there appears to be a lull in their activity — and I’ve been able to figure out why. Some of our parks have little bats! The bats, apparently, come out only every few days, because “what is the point of raiding the mosquitos when they haven’t built up their population yet?” So, the dearth of mosquitos may be indirect evidence of bats. People have seen bats at times, and bat detectors have been used to estimate populations. This instrument amplifies and lowers their inaudibly high-pitched sounds so that their “clicks” can actually be heard by human ears! I have seen bats, but only as a “swarm” or “cloud” and only for a few moments at dusk.

I ended my latest walk in the park by sitting under a large oak tree. Wild growth is always more beautiful and fascinating to me than human managed gardens. As I sat under the tree I noticed all the moss and the lichens on the tree. The copper-rust on the tree was absolutely gorgeous. And finally, close to where my feet were, I noticed a field mouse moving in the grass!!

My younger son, during his college years, participated in an internship in Yosemite. His job was to sit in a field for six hours, five days a week, and watch. It began by being an extremely fatiguing and boring endeavor. But, he told me, when you are bored, your mind searches for things. Soon he was not only seeing all types of animals, but also where they hung out, who their friends were, who their enemies were, what and when they ate, who was related to whom!  Pretty interesting — if you have the time! You can become aware of what is out there by zeroing in.

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